GARCINIA CAMBOGIA

Also called hydroxycitrate , in metabolic health there is some clinical evidence that garcinia cambogia reduces body fat levels by inhibiting lipid absorption, but not conclusively proven. Cancers use lipids to support their accelerated growth, so GC is interesting in this respect. Some older studies under branded drug Metabloc.

Smaller clinical trials with Alpha Lipoic Acid have shown improved glucose and lipid profiles. Clincal and lab evidence continues to hold promise though results have remained mixed. Early pilot trials appear to have extended survival times for some advanced stage patients (Highlight 1)

A meta-analysis indicated that at least in older patients, garcini cambogia reduces serum leptin significantly, more than most known effects of natural compounds. High leptin levels are a known driver of increased progression in many cancers.

Garcini Cambogia / hydroxycitrate can interfere with prescription drugs, including in diabetes. And overuse in weightloss has caused some cases of serious liver injury. As always, seek qualified medical advice.

TYPICAL ABSORPTION LEVELS

20 – 40%

EXAMPLES OF IMPROVED OUTCOMES

YES

PRE-DIAGNOSIS OR PREVENTION

Highlighted Studies

By inhibiting PDK, α-LA will increase the activity of PDH, resulting in the intra-mitochondrial use of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle over cytoplasmic conversion of pyruvate into lactate. HCA inhibits ATP ACL, limiting the conversion of cytoplasmic citrate into acetyl-CoA available for lipid synthesis. Effects of α-LA and HCA would allow metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells into metabolism based on oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic reprogramming would ultimately limit the availabi...

After only a few treatments of IV ALA [lipoic acid] and IV vitamin C, his symptoms began to improve, and the patient actually regained his original baseline weight, his energy and outlook improved, his dyspnea resolved [shortness of breath] and even returned to work. His most recent PET/CT scan demonstrated normal glucose uptake in his left lung. The patient had stable disease with an elimination of the signs and symptoms of stage IV RCC kidney cancer a full 9 years following diagnosis, with ...

In summary the work reported herein suggests a potential anti-cancer role for compounds that have the potential to alter the aerobic glycolytic phenotype often exhibited by cancer cells positive results obtained for ALA and HCA coupled with either CIS or MTX in various mouse models of cancer are quite promising. The fact that equally promising results were obtained clinically for a case of pancreatic cancer is even more encouraging.

Supplementation with GC (median 2900 mg/day for dose and 8 weeks for duration of intervention) was associated with a significant decrease in serum leptin (WMD: −5.01 ng/mL)..GC improves high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance …GC can regulate both the leptin and insulin functions as they share the same cell signaling pathways. The present systematic review and meta-analysis also suggests that GC treatment is more effective than other dietary suppl...

TABLE OF REFERENCES

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https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/34/2/973	2.5	To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to treat cancer using a combination of molecules targeting abnormal cancer metabolism. None of these patients experienced major side-effects of metabolic treatment. At this stage of development, not a single case proves the efficacy of treatment. But most patients are alive and well several months after having sent home to die. Several months of life without symptoms strongly suggests that targeting cancer metabolism may be a reasonable option in advanced disease.	By inhibiting PDK, α-LA will increase the activity of PDH, resulting in the intra-mitochondrial use of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle over cytoplasmic conversion of pyruvate into lactate. HCA inhibits ATP ACL, limiting the conversion of cytoplasmic citrate into acetyl-CoA available for lipid synthesis. Effects of α-LA and HCA would allow metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells into metabolism based on oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic reprogramming would ultimately limit the availability of compounds required for proliferation
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534735417747984	2.5	From August 2010 to the present (November 2017), the patient’s RCC with metastasis to the left lung has been followed closely using CT and PET/CT imaging. After only a few treatments of IV ALA and IV vitamin C, his symptoms began to improve, and the patient actually regained his original baseline weight, his energy and outlook improved, his dyspnea resolved, and even returned to work. His most recent PET/CT scan demonstrated normal glucose uptake in his left lung (Figure 9). The patient had stable disease with an elimination of the signs and symptoms of stage IV RCC	HCA is an extract from the citrus fruit, Garcinia cambogia. Not only it inhibits pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, but also inhibits ATP-citrate lyase,28 a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from mitochondrial-generated citrate.29 Acetyl-CoA is a vital building block for the endogenous biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and isoprenoids. Studies with C-14 glucose have shown that in cancer cells most fatty acids come from a high rate of de novo synthesis, necessary for a very active membrane biogenesis,30 and inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase produced inhibition of tumor proliferation in vitro and reduced in vivo xenograft tumor growth.29
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229924000487	2	Our analysis, with no indication of publication bias, showed a significantly decreased effect of GC on leptin compared with the placebo (WMD: −5.01 ng/ml). However, significant heterogeneity was detected between studies ... Subgroup analysis revealed that GC consumption represents the most effects in trials with sample size ≥ 50 (WMD: −3.63 ng/ml), and mean age of participants ≥ 30 years (WMD: −7.43 ng/ml).	The results illustrated that RCTs conducted on participants aged over 30 led to a greater decline in leptin concentrations than those aged below 30. Furthermore, the improving effect of GC increased in the study population ≥ 50. When 2800 mg/day HCA was administered to participants, a 17.1 % reduction in serum leptin level was found after 4 weeks which doubled following 8 weeks
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.8102	2	This systematic review and meta-analysis included 14 trials involving 623 subjects. Plasma levels of TC [total cholesterol] (WMD: −6.76 mg/dL), and TG (WMD: −24.21 mg/dL) were significantly reduced after GC use, and plasma HDL-C (WMD: 2.95 mg/dL levels increased	The effects of lowering TC and TG were more pronounced for periods longer than 8 weeks. Consuming GC has a positive impact on TC, TG, and HDL-C concentrations. The limitations of this study include the short duration of analyzed interventions and significant heterogeneity. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct well-structured, and high-quality long-term trials to comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of GC on lipid profile,
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10637-010-9552-x	1.5	work reported herein suggests a potential anti-cancer role for compounds that have the potential to alter the aerobic glycolytic phenotype often exhibited by cancer cells particularly when coupled with a second anti-cancer drug that can attack cellular DNA. This is not surprising, given the widespread evidence suggesting that this metabolic phenotype provides a competitive advantage to cancer cells compared to normal somatic cells with respect to their ability to increase cellular proliferation. The positive results obtained for ALA and HCA coupled with either CIS or MTX in various mouse models of cancer are quite promising. The fact that equally promising results were obtained clinically for a case of pancreatic cancer is even more encouraging.	We demonstrate that the triple combination lipoic acid + hydroxycitrate + cisplatin or methotrexate is more efficient than cisplatin or methotrexate used individually or the combination of lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate administered alone. Of particular note are the results obtained in the treatment of an 80 year-old female who presented with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas accompanied by liver metastases. A treatment course using gemcitabine plus α-lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate gave highly promising results. The in vivo data, coupled with the case study results, suggest a possible advantage in using a treatment targeted at cancer metabolism in association with classical chemotherapy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6395653/	1	we present a metabolic therapy specifically targeting the activity of specific enzymes of central carbon metabolism, combining the METABLOC bi-therapeutic drugs combination (Alpha Lipoic Acid and Hydroxycitrate) to Metformin and Diclofenac, for treating tumors implanted in mice. Furthermore, a dynamic metabolic model describing central carbon metabolism as well as fluxes targeted by the drugs allowed to simulate tumors progression in both treated and non-treated mice, in addition to draw hypotheses on the effects of the drugs on tumor cells metabolism. Our model predicts metabolic therapies-induced reversed Warburg effect on tumor cells	We experimentally showed that the combination of METABLOC, high-dose Metformin and Diclofenac inhibits the tumor growth. We proposed a dynamic metabolic model of the tumor which simulates the effects of the metabolic therapies on tumor evolution and tumor cell metabolism. This model also predicts tumor regression, a lower glycolytic flux and lactic acid secretion upon metabolic treatments. Intracellular NAD+/NADH redox ratio is low and decreases, as a consequence of reduced glycolytic flux. Indeed, the oxidative phosphorylation may be rewired from the fermentation pathway, favoring mitochondrial respiration and inversed Warburg effect. Our model supports our experimental results and it can also be use to test new combination of metabolic treatments. These results pave the way for new strategies in metabolic therapy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053034/	1	G cambogia reduced abdominal fat accumulation in subjects, regardless of sex, who had the visceral fat accumulation type of obesity, and no rebound effect was observed. It is therefore hypothesized that G cambogia may be useful for the prevention and reduction of accumulation of visceral fat.	Regardless of sex, the VFA, SFA, and TFA [areas of abdominal fat] of subjects in the G cambogia group were significantly lower at 12 weeks and 16 weeks than in the placebo group.. Within the G cambogia group, each of these fat areas decreased by ∼10% to 15% from baseline to week 16
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0344033822004551	1	Our study reveals that HCA [Hydroxycitrate] enhanced TAM [tamoxifem - chemo] cytotoxicity and reversed TAM resistance via inhibition of ACLY, accompanied by raising the apoptosis marker caspase-3, augmenting pro-apoptotic Bax, and decreasing Bcl2 levels. Moreover, accumulation of cholesterol and TG were noticed. Furthermore, because of a naturally occurring compound, HCA can sensitize resistant cells to TAM while lowering the effective dose of TAM. Thus, TAM/HCA co-treatment could be a viable therapeutic option for overcoming TAM	Increased de novo lipogenesis is particularly caused by overexpression of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of lipogenesis and connects aerobic glycolysis to FA synthesis, which is greatly activated in several types of malignancies, including BC [11], [12]. Besides, Zhang et al. indicated that the ACLY was overexpressed in TAM-resistant BC cells than sensitive and might be associated with TAM resistance and could serve as therapeutic targets in BC resistant to tamoxifen
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39109-1#	1	.. the combination of METABLOC, high-dose Metformin and Diclofenac inhibits the tumor growth. We proposed a dynamic metabolic model of the tumor which simulates the effects of the metabolic therapies on tumor evolution and tumor cell metabolism. This model also predicts tumor regression, a lower glycolytic flux and lactic acid secretion upon metabolic treatments	..the oxidative phosphorylation may be rewired from the fermentation pathway, favoring mitochondrial respiration and inversed Warburg effect. Our model supports our experimental results and it can also be use to test new combination of metabolic treatments. These results pave the way for new strategies in metabolic therapy and in silico metabolic drug design.