OATS

The most studied active compound from oats are beta glucans in the 1,3/1,4 version. Researchers have associated improved microbiome with cholesterol lowering effects of these compounds . Meta-analysis show higher consumers of whole grain oats actively reduced their LDL cholesterol. Oats are endorsed by the FDA and other health authorities for reducing cholesterol, up to 15% though 5% more typical.

More directly delivering the evidence for its ranking here, are functional foods. Branded SPC-Flakes and sister product Salovum (egg based) have existing and ongoing research in oncology. Crucially, these compounds trigger strong anti-inflammatory responses that can reduce fluid pressure in the cancer tumor microenvironment. This pressure not only increases growth and metastasis, but causes drug resistance in oncology. Following very striking findings in glioblastoma in 2023, trials are expanding now to include both colorectal and breast cancer. /spc-flakes

Studies show suppression of inflammatory markers such as c-reactive protein primarily in patients with some form of systemic inflammatory disease for instance a metabolic disorder. Its likely oats and oat extracts would help in an anti-inflammatory regime. Studies into aging found that for patients with borderline cardiovascular disease, oats can reduce levels of eotaxin-1 a major drive of chronic inflammation in vascular health linked with brain fog in chemotherapy, and with preclinical evidence increasing growth rates in gastric, colorectal and ovarian cancers

Oat bran supplements contain avenanthramides with clincial evidence of reducing crucial markers of inflammation VCAM-1 [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1] by 10% and especially serum amyloid A-1  by over 40%. High levels of these associated with faster progression and spread of several cancers including, ovarian, lung, and especially digestive and kidney cancers, even to treatment resistance in breast and gastric cancer. Clinical grade extracts are entering phase II trials for inflammatory diseases (“AvenActive”). So there is growing evidence for the anti-metastatic activity of oats, and especially as concentrated functional foods or supplements

Whole or steel cut oats also reduce fasting blood glucose levels and there is moderate evidence of reduced insulin sensitivity too (see References). A cup oats may have a couple of grams of oat glucans, so a refined product supplement can be useful to reach 3-5g range used for active therapies. Examples include BranPure, NutriOat in US , or in EU PromOat and OatWell.

ANTI-METASTATIC ACTIONS ->

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Highlighted Studies

There was a significant inverse relation in TC [ total cholesterol] low-density lipoprotein, and TGL/TAG  after consumption of β-glucan. In contrast, an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [“good” cholesterol]. .The dose–response model showed that a 3-g/day dose of oat or barley β-glucan was sufficient to decrease TC.

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Beta-glucans reduced mean LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from baseline by 12.2% after 4 weeks of supplementation and by 15.1%  after 8 weeks.. Between baseline and 4 weeks Total Cholesterol (TC) levels showed an average reduction of 6.5%  in the beta-glucan sequence; while non-HDL-C plasma concentrations decreased by 11.8%.. after 8 weeks of beta-glucan supplementation TC was reduced by 8.9%

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Glucans are part of a group of biologically active natural molecules and are steadily gaining strong attention not only as an important food supplement, but also as an immuno-stimulant and potential drug…. and their role in various immune reactions and the treatment of cancer. With more than 80 clinical trials evaluating their biological effects, the question is not if glucans will move from food supplement to widely accepted drug, but how soon.

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A novel role of beta-glucans has been discovered in recovering hematopoiesis caused by injured bone marrow and so beta-glucans not only have anti-cancer impressions but also can be used adjuvant to common therapies for cancer to reduce their side effects in a cancer patient’s especially cervical cancer cases. Collectively, beta-glucans represent a novel promising therapeutic way for cervical cancer

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TABLE OF REFERENCES

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-021-00875-92.5Meta-analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis of acute, crossover, single-meal, controlled feeding trials, including 103 comparisons in 538 participants from 35 reports, showed that OBG reduced glucose and insulin iAUC by 23% and 22%, respectively, and glucose and insulin iPeak by 28% and 24%, respectively. OBG dose, MW, the comparator, intervention food form, and study duration were significant effect modifiers of the reduction in glucose iAUC and iPeak.Significant linear dose-responses were found for all endpoints, with each g OBG/30 g avCHO reducing glucose iAUC by 8 %, glucose iPeak by 9 %, insulin iAUC by 10 [6, 14]% and insulin iPeak by 11 [8, 14]%. However, the dose-response relationships for glycaemic response became steeper and had smaller 95% CI as OBG MW increased; for OBG with MW < 300 kg/mol, 300 to <1000 kg/mol and ≥1000 kg/mol, respectively, each g OBG/30 g avCHO reduced glucose iAUC by 5 %, 7 % and 8 % and glucose iPeak by 2 %, 8 % and 11%. All outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8398256/2.5Meta-analysis..this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the association between oat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Our findings are in agreement with multiple published meta-analyses, reporting positive effects of oat intake on T2D risk factors, such as lowering HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose and fasting insulin [5]. Since oats are considered to be a whole grain, our findings are consistent with the previously published data on beneficial effects of whole grains on the risk of coronary heart disease, CVD, total cancer, and mortality from all causes [33]. Moreover, whole grain oats appeared to be the most effective whole grain in terms of cholesterol reductionSpecifically, beta-glucan intake from oats has been associated with lower total and LDL cholesterol [9], lower appetite [42] and higher serum nitric oxide, an important cell signaling molecule essential for vascular health and lowering blood pressure [43]. Avenanthramides, a unique type of phenolic compounds present in oats with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have also been reported to increase nitric oxide bioavailability and hence lower blood pressure [10,44]. In addition, a number of clinical trials have also found that oats improve glucose control [6,7,8]. Whole oats deliver many bioactive compounds simultaneously and have shown superior ability to help manage glucose control and insulin sensitivity when compared to isolated beta-glucans from oats
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/44712.5Human studyCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the well described effects of LDL-cholesterol in the development of this pathology, emerging evidence demonstrates that age-related SCI also plays an important role. The oat is a species of cereal grain rich in fiber that has the potential to lower non-HDL cholesterol levels, and recent evidence demonstrates that it can lower the levels of inflammatory mediators in animal models. Here, we demonstrate that an oat beverage providing 3 g of the soluble fiber β daily can lower SCI and CVD risk in human subjects with elevated baseline LDL-cholesterol and SCI. Thus, oats can have a beneficial effect on the inflammatory system and cardiovascular disease prevention in a subset of subjects presenting elevated risk factors. Additional studies focusing on that target population will enable a generalization of these results and optimization of an oat-based nutritional intervention to promote healthy aging and longevity.The effect of oats on the inflammaging-related chemokine CCL11 may have multiple implications for general health. For instance, this immune protein, largely produced by eosinophils, has traditionally been described as playing an essential role in allergic conditions. Beyond the contribution to allergic conditions, CCL11 has been shown to impact the permeability of vascular endothelium in a dose-dependent manner [51]. Niccoli et al. have suggested that eosinophils may play a role in coronary atherosclerotic disease, possibly through the expression of CCL11 [52,53]. Since the eosinophil is one of the primary secretors of CCL11, this further supports the idea that the downregulation of CCL11 may improve cardiovascular disease risk
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464620305351?via%3Dihub2Human studyAt the end of the intervention, HbA1c there was a decrease in the β-glucan group while in the control group it increased, but not significantly. Between the groups, the change was not different (p = 0.074), with a non-significant trend. Fasting glycemia and insulin remained stable during the period. An increase was observed in the control group and a decrease in the β-glucan group, but these changes were not different. Peptide C decreased in the β-glucan group (p = 0.023). Between the groups, there was a difference . A significant change between groups was found in HOMA [measure of insulin resistance], with a 28% reduction in the β-glucan group.Leptin concentration changed significantly between the groups... In the β-glucan group, the concentration decreased, while in the control group no important changes were observed. Inverse situations were observed in GLP-1 and PYY. In the control group, we observed non-significant increases in GLP-1 and decreases in PYY. On the other hand, in the β-glucan group, while GLP-1 decreased significantly (p = 0.001), [Peptide YY, a hormone signaling "fullness" or satiety levels] PYY increased remarkably .. When comparing the groups, the effect was significant.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1095245/full2Human studyThis study confirmed that the regular consumption of 80 g traditional and roasted barley and oat flakes daily for breakfast for 3 weeks effectively reduces fasting and postprandial TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations. The reducing effect on postprandial glucose response after consumption of roasted oat flakes was mitigated compared to traditional oat flakes. Roasting did not reduce the physiological effects on blood lipids. This indicates that processing like roasting with dry heat does not affect the health impact of β-glucan-rich roasted cereal flakes on lipid metabolism of moderately increased LDL cholesterol healthy subjects.On the other side, advantages were detected for regularly intake of roasted barley flakes which resulted in significant decreases of body weight, BMI, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These reductions on cardiovascular risk factors were not identified after consumption of traditional barley flakes. We assume that the increased sensory quality by roasting improved compliance with the study intervention which results in these valuable effects. In this context, it must also be mentioned that the daily consumption of roasted barley flakes resulted in a significant decrease of AUC HDL cholesterol. This was not observed for traditional barley flakes.
https://drc.bmj.com/content/10/5/e0027842Meta-analysisEight trial comparisons (n=407) met the eligibility criteria. All trials were in adults with type 2 diabetes who were predominantly middle-aged, overweight and treated by antihyperglycemic medications or insulin. A median dose of 3.25 g of oat ß-glucan for a median duration of 4.5 weeks improved HbA1c, fasting glucose...and HOMA-IR [insulin resistance] There was a non-significant reduction in fasting insulin (−4.30 pmol/L (−11.96 to 3.35), pMD=0.271). The certainty of evidence was high for fasting glucose, moderate for HOMA-IR and fasting insulinComparing participants with highest versus lowest oat intake, RRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.82) for T2D incidence, 0.81 (95% CI 0.61–1.08) for CHD incidence and 0.79 (95% CI 0.59–1.07) for stroke. For all-cause mortality one study based on three cohorts found RR for men and women were 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.85) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.87), respectively. Most studies (n = 6) were of fair to good quality. This meta-analysis suggests that consumption of oat could reduce the risk for T2D and all-cause mortality, while no significant association was found for CVD. Future studies should address a lack of standardized methods in assessing overall oat intake and type of oat products
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.722866/full2Meta-analysisSystematic screening of five databases yielded 4,119 studies, of which 23 RCTs [trials] were finally selected. For the four systemic inflammatory markers analyzed, no significant alterations were found after oat consumption. However, oat intake was found to significantly decrease CRP [c-reactive protein marker of systemic inflammation] levels in subjects with one or more health complications... Furthermore, IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in subjects with dyslipidemia .. These beneficial effects might be attributed to the effects of avenanthramide and β-glucan.The results of the meta-analysis on CRP and IL-6 suggested that unhealthy subjects were more responsive to the effects of oat consumption. Notably, a similar pattern was found in a previous meta-analysis on WG intake, which showed that the subgroup of unhealthy individuals showed a significant reduction in CRP and IL-6 levels after observing insignificant changes in the overall CRP and IL-6 levels (20). This indicates that oat intake does not simply reduce inflammatory markers. However, it modulates inflammatory marker level to be within the optimal range. In a Sprague Dawley rat model, oat β-glucan intake reversed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of inflammatory markers, including IL-10 and IL-12 (
https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.922.182Human studyAmong subjects with CRP levels è …3.0 mg/L, the oat smoothie lowered VCAM-1 concentrations at 4 wk (P=0.031) and 8 wk (P>0.05) by 13 and 10%, respectively, compared to placebo. Non-significant reductions at 4 and 8 wk of 18 and 43%, respectively, were observed for serum amyloid A-1, an acute phase reactant in inflammation. These pilot data suggest that consuming AV in whole food form, i.e., AV-enriched oat bran, may affect specific biomarkers of inflammation in older, overweight or obese adults. (Supported by USDA and AAFC)Regular consumption of oats has been shown to benefit heart health by lowering serum lipids in humans, an effect mediated primarily via beta-glucan. Other components of oats, including the polyphenolic avenanthramides (AV), may also contribute to reducing the risk of atherogenesis. In vivo, oat AV enhance antioxidant activity, and in vitro, these compounds attenuate the expression and/or secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The anti-inflammatory properties of oat AV in a whole food form (oat flour) have only recently been demonstrated in humans
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6770293/1Meta-analysisAVAs prevent cancer mainly by blocking reactive species. Moreover, they exhibit potential therapeutic activity through the modulation of different pathways including the activation of apoptosis and senescence, the block of cell proliferation, and the inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatization. AVAs are promising chemopreventive and anticancer phytochemicals, which need further clinical trials and toxicological studies to define their efficacy in preventing and reducing the burden of cancer diseases.A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study analyzed the effects of AVA-enriched bran on inflammation biomarkers demonstrating its ability in reducing the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in older, overweight or obese adults [97]. No effects were recorded on the levels of serum amyloid A-1 [97], an acute phase reactant in inflammation. A further clinical trial explored a different aspect of oat, not related to its antitumor properties: its ability to protect against the rash caused by different antitumor drugs including cetuximab, erlotinib, panitumumab, and sorafenib. A colloidal oatmeal lotion controlled the rash and allowed continuation of the antineoplastic therapy

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